Q.Draw and mention the parts of a spermatozoan. [figure: labelled diagram of a mature spermatozoon, to be drawn by the candidate — not printed in the question paper]
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A mature sperm consists of a head (nucleus and acrosome), a mitochondria-rich middle piece, and a motile tail.
The head of the spermatozoon is oval/elongated and contains a highly condensed, haploid nucleus (carrying the paternal chromosome set), with the acrosome -- a Golgi-derived cap covering the front two-thirds of the nucleus -- containing hydrolytic enzymes (such as hyaluronidase and acrosin) that help the sperm penetrate the layers surrounding the ovum at fertilization. Just behind the head is a short neck, followed by the middle piece, which is packed with numerous mitochondria arranged in a helical sheath around the axial filament; these mitochondria generate the ATP required to power sperm motility. The long tail (flagellum) that follows consists of an axial filament (axoneme, with the typical '9+2' microtubule arrangement) surrounded by a thin cytoplasmic sheath, and its whip-li …
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