Q.Explain with an example each nuclear transmutation and artificial radioactivity. What is the difference between them?

Step 1. Nuclear transmutation is the general process of transforming a nucleus into a different nucleus, by bombardment with a suitable particle -- the resulting product may end up stable OR unstable.

Step 2. Example of a transmutation whose product is stable: 27-13-Al + 4-2-He → 30-15-P + 1-0-n (aluminium-27 bombarded with an alpha particle gives phosphorus-30 directly).

Step 3. Artificial (induced) radioactivity is the specific case of transmutation where the product nucleus turns out to be RADIOACTIVE, so it goes on to decay spontaneously by itself, on top of having been produced by the original bombardment.

Step 4. Example: 10-5-B + 4-2-He → 13-7-N + 1-0-n, where the product 13-7-N is radioactive and further decays, 13-7-N → 13-6-C + 0-1-e (positron emission), to reach stable carbon-13. …

Give the general definition of transmutation with a stable-product example, then narrow to artificial radioactivity with an unstable-product …

• Treating transmutation and artificial radioactivity as synonyms rather than the second being a subset of the first. …