Q.Describe female reproductive system of human.

Step 1. Ovaries. A pair of oval organs held by the broad and ovarian ligaments, differentiated into an outer, follicle-packed cortex and an inner, vascular medulla; the ovary produces the egg (via oogenesis, maturing one Graafian follicle per cycle) and secretes estrogen, progesterone, relaxin, activin and inhibin.

Step 2. Oviducts (fallopian tubes). A pair of 10–12 cm ciliated ducts, each divided into the infundibulum (with fimbriae, sweeping the ovulated egg in through the ostium), the ampulla (the site of fertilization), and the isthmus (opening into the uterus).

Step 3. Uterus. A hollow, pear-shaped, muscular organ divided into the fundus (upper, usual implantation site), body, and cervix (narrow neck opening into the vagina via internal and external os); its wall has three layers — perimetrium, myometrium (contracts during labour) and endometrium (the cyclically thickening lining that hosts implantation and nourishes the foetus).

Step 4. Vagina. A 7–9 cm muscular canal between the cervix and vestibule, serving as the copulatory organ, the passage for menstrual flow, and the birth canal at parturition.

Step 5. External genitalia (vulva) and glands. The vestibule, labia minora, clitoris, labia majora and mons pubis together form the vulva; the paired vestibular (Bartholin's) glands lubricate the vestibule; and the paired mammary glands, developing at puberty, later produce milk after parturition.

Describe each organ in the order the egg/embryo passes through them

• Reversing the roles of the ampulla and isthmus (only the ampulla is the fertilization site).
• Omitting the mammary glands, which — though not involved in gamete production — ARE formally part of the female reproductive system in this scheme.