Q.Describe the different types of chromosomes.
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Start your 14-day free trial to unlock the full solution →Chromosomes are classified by centromere position into four shapes: metacentric, submetacentric, acrocentric and telocentric.
Step 1. Basis of classification. Chromosomes are classified into four types based on where the centromere (primary constriction) sits along the length of the chromosome, which in turn decides the relative lengths of the two chromosome arms on either side of it.
Step 2. Metacentric. The centromere sits at (or very near) the middle, giving two arms of roughly equal length; at anaphase the chromosome appears V-shaped as the arms are pulled toward opposite poles.
Step 3. Submetacentric. The centromere sits off-centre, giving one arm distinctly longer than the other; at anaphase the chromosome appears L-shaped.
Step 4. Acrocentric. The centromere sits near one end, giving one very short arm and one very long arm; at anaphase the chromosome appears J-shaped. …
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