Q.Draw the circuit diagram and output waveforms of DC chopper.

A DC chopper connects a controlled switch (a MOSFET) between a fixed DC source and the load, and controls the average output by the duty ratio; the output is a train of rectangular pulses. …

[!TLDR]

A MOSFET switch between the DC source and load is turned ON/OFF by gate pulses; the average output $V_{av}=\frac{T_{ON}}{T}V_S$ is set by the duty ratio.

Circuit: A fixed-amplitude DC source $V_S$ is connected to a resistive load through a MOSFET switch (terminals drain D, source S, gate G). Gate pulses are applied to the MOSFET, usually through an opto-coupler isolator.

Working and output waveform: When the MOSFET is switched ON (a gate pulse applied) the supply voltage is connected to the load; when it is switched OFF (gate signal removed) the load is disconnected from the supply. For a resistive load the output voltage $V_o$ and current $I_o$ follow the shape of the gate pulses, i.e. rectangular pulses that are equal to $V_S$ during the ON interval and zero during the OFF interval. Over one period T the ON time is $T_{ON}$, so the average output voltage …