Q.What is infertility? Describe in brief ZIFT and GIFT.

Infertility is the inability of a couple to conceive/achieve pregnancy despite regular, unprotected sexual intercourse over a reasonable period (usually about one year), which may result from a problem in either partner.

Infertility is the inability to conceive naturally; ZIFT transfers an in-vitro-formed zygote into the fallopian tube, GIFT transfers gametes (egg + sperm) into the tube for fertilization in vivo.

Infertility refers to a couple's inability to achieve conception and produce a child despite regular, unprotected sexual intercourse over a sustained period (typically about one year), and can arise from a wide range of causes affecting either the male partner (e.g., low sperm count, poor sperm motility), the female partner (e.g., blocked fallopian tubes, ovulatory disorders, uterine abnormalities), or both. Various Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) have been developed to help infertile couples have children, including:

ZIFT (Zygote Intra-Fallopian Transfer): Ova and sperm collected from the couple (or donors) are brought together and allowed to fertilize outside the body, in vitro, in a laboratory dish; the resulting zygote (or an early embryo, up to about the 8-celled stage) is then surgically transferred into the fallopian tube of the female, from where it can travel to the uterus and implant naturally, provided the fallopian tubes are otherwise healthy. …