Zoology · Class 11 Science
Ch 6Biology and Human Welfare — Class 11 Zoology, concept-first.
Living organisms rarely live in isolation. Many species have evolved close, long-term associations with other species, and one of the commonest of these associations is parasitism — a relationship in which one organism (the parasite) lives in or on another organism (the host), draws its nourishment from the host, and u…
Key concepts
Hover a concept to preview it and jump to its most relevant Q&A.
Parasitism and Host-Parasite Relationships
Parasitism is a biological relationship in which one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, deriving nourishment from it and generally causing it harm without necessarily killing it.
Most relevant Q&A
- Define a facultative parasite. Give an example of the kind of organism that shows this habit.Free
- Explain the different types of host-parasite relationships: definitive host, intermediate host, vector and reservoir host.Free
- Define an obligate parasite. Name any two obligate parasites described in this chapter.Free
- Distinguish between a definitive host and an intermediate host.Free
- What are a vector and a reservoir host?Preview
In previous exams
How often this chapter’s concepts have been examined — real appearance data, never estimated.
Chapter contents
The NCERT structure, section by section. Open a section to see its questions, then read the concept-first solution.
Parasitism Fundamentals
Living organisms rarely live in isolation. Many species have evolved close, long-term associations with other species, and one of the commonest of these associations is parasitism — a relationship in…
Entamoeba histolytica and Amoebiasis
Entamoeba histolytica is a microscopic, unicellular protozoan parasite that lives in the large intestine (colon) of humans and is the causative organism of amoebiasis, commonly known as amoebic dysent…
Plasmodium vivax and Malaria
Plasmodium vivax is a sporozoan protozoan parasite and one of the principal causative agents of malaria in India.
Ascaris lumbricoides and Ascariasis
Ascaris lumbricoides, commonly called the giant intestinal roundworm, is one of the largest and most common nematode parasites of the human small intestine, and the causative agent of ascariasis.
Wuchereria bancrofti and Filariasis
Wuchereria bancrofti is a slender, thread-like nematode parasite that lives in the human lymphatic system and is the principal cause of lymphatic filariasis, popularly known as elephantiasis in its ad…
Other Infectious Diseases
Alongside the four major parasitic infections detailed in this chapter, several other infectious diseases caused by bacteria, viruses and fungi are of everyday public-health importance.
Public Health
Public health is the organised effort of society, communities and individuals to prevent disease, prolong life, and promote physical and mental well-being, rather than simply treating illness after it…
Tobacco, Drug and Alcohol (TDA) Abuse
62 QBeyond infectious disease, this chapter also surveys a very different but equally serious threat to human welfare: the misuse of tobacco, alcohol and psychoactive drugs, collectively referred to as TD…
+−Very Short Answer Questions32 questions
- Q1Define a facultative parasite. Give an example of the kind of organism that shows this habit.Free
- Q2Define an obligate parasite. Name any two obligate parasites described in this chapter.Free
- Q3Distinguish between a definitive host and an intermediate host.Free
- Q4What are a vector and a reservoir host?Preview
- Q5Distinguish between a mechanical vector and a biological vector, with one example of each.Preview
- Q6What are hyperparasites?Preview
- Q7What is parasitic castration?Preview
- Q8What is neoplasia?Preview
- Q9Distinguish between hypertrophy and hyperplasia.Preview
- Q10Define health and disease.Preview
- Q11Why is Entamoeba histolytica described as an obligate anaerobe?Preview
- Q12What is the reserve food material found in Entamoeba histolytica, and where is it most conspicuously seen?Preview
- Q13What is a metacystic trophozoite?Preview
- Q14How is amoebic dysentery diagnosed in the laboratory?Preview
- Q15Distinguish between primary amoebiasis and secondary amoebiasis.Preview
- Q16What is meant by the prepatent period in malaria?Preview
- Q17What are Schuffner's dots?Preview
- Q18What is haemozoin?Preview
- Q19Distinguish between schizogony and sporogony in the life cycle of Plasmodium.Preview
- Q20What is exflagellation?Preview
- Q21What are anisogamy and the ookinete in the life cycle of Plasmodium?Preview
- Q22What is the exo-erythrocytic cycle of Plasmodium vivax?Preview
- Q23What is the significance of sporogony and the sporozoites it produces?Preview
- Q24What are hypnozoites?Preview
- Q25Name and distinguish the two tertian fevers caused by malaria parasites.Preview
- Q26What is a mammillated egg?Preview
- Q27Distinguish between the male and female Wuchereria bancrofti.Preview
- Q28What is nocturnal periodicity, as seen in Wuchereria microfilariae?Preview
- Q29Distinguish between lymphadenitis and lymphangitis.Preview
- Q30What is elephantiasis?Preview
- Q31Name the causative pathogens of typhoid fever, pneumonia, the common cold and ringworm.Preview
- Q32Distinguish between drug dependence and drug addiction.Preview
+−Short Answer Questions24 questions
- Q1Explain the different types of host-parasite relationships: definitive host, intermediate host, vector and reservoir host.Free
- Q2Describe the structure of the trophozoite of Entamoeba histolytica.Free
- Q3Describe the precystic and cystic stages in the life cycle of Entamoeba histolytica.Free
- Q4Explain the pathogenicity of Entamoeba histolytica in the human body.Preview
- Q5What is amoebic dysentery? Describe its symptoms and laboratory diagnosis.Preview
- Q6Describe the erythrocytic (blood) cycle of Plasmodium vivax in man.Preview
- Q7Describe the exo-erythrocytic (hepatic) cycle of Plasmodium vivax.Preview
- Q8Explain exflagellation and gametogony in the life cycle of Plasmodium vivax.Preview
- Q9Explain anisogamy and the formation of the ookinete in the mosquito host of Plasmodium.Preview
- Q10Explain the biological control of mosquitoes as a method of malaria control.Preview
- Q11Describe the external structure of Ascaris lumbricoides.Preview
- Q12Explain the extra-intestinal migration route of Ascaris larvae in the human body.Preview
- Q13What is ascariasis? Mention its symptoms and prevention.Preview
- Q14Describe the general structure and habitat of Wuchereria bancrofti.Preview
- Q15Explain the pathogenicity of Wuchereria bancrofti, referring to lymphadenitis, lymphangitis and elephantiasis.Preview
- Q16Explain nocturnal periodicity in Wuchereria microfilariae and its diagnostic significance.Preview
- Q17Write a short note on typhoid fever, mentioning its pathogen, symptoms and prophylaxis.Preview
- Q18Write a short note on pneumonia, mentioning its pathogen, symptoms and prophylaxis.Preview
- Q19Write a short note on the common cold, mentioning its pathogen, symptoms and prophylaxis.Preview
- Q20Write a short note on ringworm (dermatophytosis), mentioning its pathogen, symptoms and prophylaxis.Preview
- Q21Explain the role of public health and personal hygiene in the prevention of infectious disease.Preview
- Q22Explain how overcrowding is linked to a higher incidence of infectious disease.Preview
- Q23Explain the harmful effects of tobacco use on the human respiratory system.Preview
- Q24Write a short note on drugs of abuse, covering hallucinogenic plants, substances banned in sports, and medicinally useful drugs that are abu…Preview
+−Essay Questions6 questions
- Q1Describe, with reference to each stage, the complete life cycle of Entamoeba histolytica.Free
- Q2Describe, with reference to each stage, the life cycle of Plasmodium vivax in man.Free
- Q3Describe, with reference to each stage, the life cycle of Plasmodium vivax in the mosquito.Preview
- Q4Describe, with reference to each stage, the complete life cycle of Ascaris lumbricoides.Preview
- Q5Describe, with reference to each stage, the complete life cycle of Wuchereria bancrofti.Preview
- Q6Write an essay on adolescence and the problem of tobacco, drug and alcohol (TDA) abuse.Preview
Sample & Board Papers
Sample papers and previous-year board questions for this subject.
+−Show 19 questionsHide questions19 questions
- Q1'Prevention is better than cure.' Justify with regard to TDA abuse.Preview
- Q2Describe the life cycle of Wuchereria bancrofti with neat diagrams.Preview
- Q3What is the need for parasites to develop special adaptations? Mention some special adaptations developed by the parasites.Preview
- Q4Explain the structure and life-cycle of Entamoeba histolytica with the help of neat and labelled diagrams.Preview
- Q5What do you mean by parasitic castration? Give one example.Preview
- Q6Describe the life cycle of plasmodium vivax in mosquito.Preview
- Q7Distinguish between milt and spawn.Preview
- Q8What is a hyper-parasite? Mention the name of one hyper-parasite.Preview
- Q9Define neoplasm. Give one example.Preview
- Q10What are the adverse effects of tobacco?Preview
- Q11Write short notes on pneumonia and its prophylaxis.Preview
- Q12The eggs of Ascaris are called 'mammillated eggs'. Justify.Preview
- Q13What are the adverse effects of tobacco?Preview
- Q14Describe the life cycle of Plasmodium vivax in mosquito.Preview
- Q15What are haemozoin granules? What is their significance?Preview
- Q16What are the adverse effects of tobacco?Preview
- Q17Explain the structure and life cycle of Entamoeba histolytica with the help of neat and labelled diagrams.Preview
- Q18Why is adolescence considered a vulnerable phase?Preview
- Q19Describe the life cycle of Plasmodium vivax in mosquito with diagram.Preview