Q.Explain in brief the factors affecting blood pressure.

Normal BP is written as 120/80 mm Hg; the difference (120 - 80 = 40 mm Hg) is the pulse pressure.

Blood pressure has two components: systolic pressure (~120 mm Hg), the peak pressure in the arteries when the ventricles contract and eject blood, and diastolic pressure (~80 mm Hg), the pressure when the ventricles relax and the heart fills with blood. The difference …

Correct answer: (b) ANF

Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF), released by the heart's atria when stretched by high blood volume/pressure, promotes salt and water loss, lowering blood pressure.

Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF), also called atrial natriuretic peptide, is secreted by the muscle cells of the atria of the heart when they are stretched due to increased blood volume or blood pressure. ANF acts on the kidneys to increase the excretion of sodium and water (natriuresis and diuresis) and causes vasodilation of blood vessels, both of which act together to reduce blood volume and dilate vessels, thereby lowering blood press …

Correct answer: (b) atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is the deposition of fatty (cholesterol-rich) plaques within the arterial lining.

Atherosclerosis is a condition in which fatty substances, mainly cholesterol, along with cellular debris and calcium, accumulate as plaques within the inner lining (tunica intima) of arteries. Over time these plaques narrow and harden the arterial lumen, restricting blood flow and increasing the risk of heart attack or stroke if a plaque ruptures or the vessel becomes blocked. Arteriosclerosis is the broader, more general term for hardenin …