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3.3 · Q136

Q.Evaluate: ∫x5−4x−x2 dx\int x\sqrt{5-4x-x^2}\,dx

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Write x=A(−4−2x)+Bx=A(-4-2x)+B: matching gives A=−12A=-\dfrac12, B=−2B=-2 (check: −12(−4−2x)−2=2+x−2=x-\frac12(-4-2x)-2=2+x-2=x ✓).

∫x5−4x−x2 dx=−12∫(−4−2x)5−4x−x2 dx−2∫5−4x−x2 dx\int x\sqrt{5-4x-x^2}\,dx=-\dfrac12\int(-4-2x)\sqrt{5-4x-x^2}\,dx-2\int\sqrt{5-4x-x^2}\,dx

First piece: let w=5−4x−x2w=5-4x-x^2, dw=(−4−2x)dxdw=(-4-2x)dx: −12∫w dw=−13w3/2=−13(5−4x−x2)3/2-\dfrac12\int\sqrt w\,dw=-\dfrac13w^{3/2}=-\dfrac13(5-4x-x^2)^{3/2}.

Second piece: complete the square 5−4x−x2=9−(x+2)25-4x-x^2=9-(x+2)^2, use ∫a2−u2du\int\sqrt{a^2-u^2}du with u=x+2,a=3u=x+2,a=3: …

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