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Miscellaneous 3 · Q208

Q.Integrate: ∫[log⁡(log⁡x)+1(log⁡x)2]dx\int \left[\log(\log x)+\frac{1}{(\log x)^2}\right]dx

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By parts on ∫log⁡(log⁡x)dx\int\log(\log x)dx with u=log⁡(log⁡x)u=\log(\log x), dv=dxdv=dx (so v=xv=x): ∫log⁡(log⁡x)dx=xlog⁡(log⁡x)−∫x⋅1xlog⁡xdx=xlog⁡(log⁡x)−∫dxlog⁡x\int\log(\log x)dx=x\log(\log x)-\int x\cdot\frac{1}{x\log x}dx=x\log(\log x)-\int\frac{dx}{\log x}. Adding the second given term: ∫[log⁡(log⁡x)+1(log⁡x)2]dx=xlog⁡(log⁡x)−∫dxlog⁡x+∫dx(log⁡x)2\int\left[\log(\log x)+\frac{1}{(\log x)^2}\right]dx=x\log(\log x)-\int\frac{dx}{\log x}+\int\frac{dx}{(\log x)^2}. This matches the known worked result xlog⁡(log⁡x)−xlog⁡x+cx\log(\log x)-\frac{x}{\log x}+c, confirmed by differentiating: $\frac{d}{dx}\left[x\log(\log x)-\frac{x}{\log x}\right]=\log(\log x)+\frac{1} …

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