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5.3 · Q41

Q.Find the values of cc so that for all real xx the vectors xci^−6j^+3k^xc\hat i-6\hat j+3\hat k and xi^+2j^+2cxk^x\hat i+2\hat j+2cx\hat k make an obtuse angle.

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✓ Free question

Let pˉ=xci^−6j^+3k^, qˉ=xi^+2j^+2cxk^\bar p=xc\hat i-6\hat j+3\hat k,\ \bar q=x\hat i+2\hat j+2cx\hat k. Their dot product is

pˉ⋅qˉ=xc⋅x+(−6)(2)+3(2cx)=cx2−12+6cx.\bar p\cdot\bar q=xc\cdot x+(-6)(2)+3(2cx)=cx^2-12+6cx.

For the angle between pˉ,qˉ\bar p,\bar q to be obtuse for all real xx, we need pˉ⋅qˉ<0\bar p\cdot\bar q<0 for every

xx, i.e. cx2+6cx−12<0cx^2+6cx-12<0 for all xx.

A quadratic f(x)=cx2+6cx−12f(x)=cx^2+6cx-12 is negative for all xx exactly when its leading coefficient is negative

(c<0c<0, so the parabola opens downward) and its discriminant is negative (so it never touches or crosses

zero):

Δ=(6c)2−4c(−12)=36c2+48c<0 ⟺ 12c(3c+4)<0 ⟺ −43<c<0.\Delta=(6c)^2-4c(-12)=36c^2+48c<0\ \Longleftrightarrow\ 12c(3c+4)<0\ \Longleftrightarrow\ -\frac43<c<0.

Combined with c<0c<0 (already implied), the condition is −43<c<0-\dfrac43<c<0.

✓Final answer

−43<c<0-\dfrac43<c<0

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