Concept understanding — Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Inverse trigonometric functions (sin−1x,cos−1x,tan−1x,cot−1x,sec−1x,cosec−1x) are multi-valued in general, so a principal branch (a restricted domain and range) is fixed for each before differentiating. Each derivative is found by treating y= (inverse trig function of x) as x= (trig function of y), differentiating implicitly with respect to y, and using a Pythagorean identity to express the result back in terms of x. The six standard results are: dxdsin−1x=1−x21, dxdcos−1x=−1−x21, dxdtan−1x=1+x21, dxdcot−1x=−1+x21, dxdsec−1x=xx2−11 (for x>1; sign flips for x<−1), and dxdcosec−1x=−xx2−11 (for x>1; sign flips for x<−1). When the argument is a function f(x) rather than pla …
Look for linear u,v with u−v=5−x and 1+uv=6x2−5x−3 (matching tan(P−Q)=1+tanPtanQtanP−tanQ), i.e. uv=6x2−5x−4. Trying u=2x+1,v=3x−4: u−v=(2x+1)−(3x−4)=5−x and uv=(2x+1)(3x−4)=6x2−5x−4 — both match. So 6x2−5x−35−x=1+(2x+1)(3x−4)(2x+1)−(3x−4)=tan[tan−1(2x+1)−tan−1(3x−4)]. Hence y=tan−1(2x+1)−tan−1(3x−4). Differentia …