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EXERCISE 1.3 · Q146

Q.If xy=ex−yx^y=e^{x-y}, show dydx=log⁡x(1+log⁡x)2\dfrac{dy}{dx}=\dfrac{\log x}{(1+\log x)^2}.

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Given xy=ex−yx^y=e^{x-y}.

Step 1 — take log of both sides:

ylog⁡x=x−yy\log x=x-y

Step 2 — this already lets us isolate yy explicitly. Bring the yy terms together:

ylog⁡x+y=x  ⟹  y(1+log⁡x)=x  ⟹  y=x1+log⁡xy\log x+y=x \implies y(1+\log x)=x \implies y=\frac{x}{1+\log x}

Step 3 — differentiate implicitly instead (to show the method), from ylog⁡x=x−yy\log x=x-y:

dydxlog⁡x+y⋅1x=1−dydx\frac{dy}{dx}\log x+y\cdot\frac1x=1-\frac{dy}{dx}

dydx(log⁡x+1)=1−yx=x−yx\frac{dy}{dx}(\log x+1)=1-\frac{y}{x}=\frac{x-y}{x}

dydx=x−yx(1+log⁡x)\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{x-y}{x(1+\log x)}

Step 4 — substitute y=x1+log⁡xy=\dfrac{x}{1+\log x} from Step 2:

x−y=x−x1+log⁡x=x⋅(1+log⁡x)−11+log⁡x=xlog⁡x1+log⁡xx-y=x-\frac{x}{1+\log x}=x\cdot\frac{(1+\log x)-1}{1+\log x}=\frac{x\log x}{1+\log x}

so …

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