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EXERCISE 1.3 · Q133

Q.Show that dydx=yx\dfrac{dy}{dx}=\dfrac{y}{x} in the following, where aa and pp are constants: x7y5=(x+y)12x^7y^5=(x+y)^{12}

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Given x7y5=(x+y)12x^7y^5=(x+y)^{12}.

Step 1 — take log of both sides:

7log⁡x+5log⁡y=12log⁡(x+y)7\log x+5\log y=12\log(x+y)

Step 2 — differentiate implicitly:

7x+5ydydx=12x+y(1+dydx)\frac{7}{x}+\frac{5}{y}\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{12}{x+y}\left(1+\frac{dy}{dx}\right)

Step 3 — collect dy/dxdy/dx terms:

dydx[5y−12x+y]=12x+y−7x\frac{dy}{dx}\left[\frac{5}{y}-\frac{12}{x+y}\right]=\frac{12}{x+y}-\frac{7}{x}

Step 4 — multiply through by xy(x+y)xy(x+y) to clear denominators.

Left bracket × xy(x+y)\times\, xy(x+y): 5x(x+y)−12xy=5x2+5xy−12xy=5x2−7xy=x(5x−7y)5x(x+y)-12xy=5x^2+5xy-12xy=5x^2-7xy=x(5x-7y). …

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